全國農業信貸擔保體系 助力決戰決勝脫貧攻堅
2020-06-02 10:17:07
陳嘉偉
建(jian)立健(jian)全財政支持(chi)的(de)全國農業信(xin)貸擔保(bao)體系，是黨中央、國務院順應(ying)現代農業生產(chan)方式(shi)發(fa)展，推動農業供(gong)給側結(jie)構性改革(ge)作出的(de)重大決策部署。2016年，國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)信貸擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)聯盟(meng)有(you)限責任(ren)公司(以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)簡稱“國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)公司”)及(ji)33家(jia)省(sheng)級農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)公司組(zu)成的(de)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)信貸擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)體(ti)系(以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)簡稱“全(quan)(quan)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)體(ti)系”)正式成立。作為(wei)目(mu)前全(quan)(quan)國(guo)唯(wei)一的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策性(xing)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)信貸擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)體(ti)系，全(quan)(quan)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)體(ti)系是一個專注支(zhi)持農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、專門培育新(xin)型農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)經營(ying)主體(ti)、不以(yi)(yi)(yi)盈利為(wei)目(mu)的(de)，具有(you)“財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng) 金融”“政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu) 市場”屬性(xing)特征的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策性(xing)擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)工(gong)具，是財(cai)(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)農(nong)(nong)方式的(de)改(gai)革和(he)創(chuang)新(xin)。成立4年來，全國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔體(ti)系(xi)始終牢記“履行政策性擔保職能，支持打贏脫貧攻堅(jian)戰”的(de)使命，在財政部的(de)領導下(xia)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)部、銀保監會的(de)悉(xi)心指(zhi)導下(xia)，打造了(le)“上下(xia)聯動、緊密可控、運行高效”的(de)三級(ji)服務(wu)體(ti)系(xi)。國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔公(gong)司(si)主要負責落實國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業支持政策，為(wei)省(sheng)級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔公(gong)司(si)提(ti)供再擔保服務(wu)和(he)(he)業務(wu)指(zhi)引，推動“總(zong)對(dui)總(zong)”合作，33家(jia)省(sheng)級(ji)農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔公(gong)司(si)直接為(wei)新型(xing)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業經(jing)營主體(ti)提(ti)供信貸(dai)擔保服務(wu)，下(xia)設533家(jia)市縣級(ji)自有分支機(ji)構，合作設立業務(wu)網點715家(jia)，形成了(le)一(yi)支3000多人的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔隊伍，成為(wei)影響農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)金融供給格(ge)局的(de)重(zhong)要新生力量(liang)。全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)體系(xi)立足于(yu)“姓(xing)農(nong)(nong)興農(nong)(nong)”，積極探索精(jing)準有效(xiao)的金(jin)融服務(wu)模(mo)式，加大對新型農(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營主體的支持力度。成(cheng)立至今，累(lei)計為74萬戶新型農(nong)(nong)業(ye)經營主體提供信(xin)貸擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)2540億元，相較于(yu)目前的注冊(ce)資本金(jin)政(zheng)策效(xiao)能放大4.3倍。截至2020年3月末，全(quan)體系(xi)在(zai)保(bao)項目40.5萬個，在(zai)保(bao)余(yu)額1347億元，占全(quan)國涉農(nong)(nong)融資擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)在(zai)保(bao)金(jin)額的30%以上，全(quan)體系(xi)綜合(he)融資成(cheng)本控制在(zai)8%以下，平(ping)均(jun)擔(dan)(dan)保(bao)費率在(zai)1%左右。疫情期(qi)間(jian)，國家農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)積極(ji)落(luo)實財(cai)政部減半收取再擔(dan)保費政策(ce)，引(yin)導省(sheng)級農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)推出提(ti)高擔(dan)保額度、開(kai)發專項(xiang)產品、降低擔(dan)保費率等一系(xi)列“硬核”舉措，有力支持農(nong)(nong)產品穩產保供和農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)復工復產。今年一季度新增擔(dan)保項(xiang)目8.9萬個，新增擔(dan)保金(jin)額337.2億(yi)元，是上年同(tong)期(qi)的1.6倍(bei)，切實緩解了農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)(nong)村“融(rong)資難”“融(rong)資貴”的困境。產業(ye)扶(fu)貧(pin)是穩定脫貧(pin)的(de)根本(ben)之策(ce)(ce)。國(guo)家農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)公司針對(dui)貧(pin)困地(di)區特(te)色農(nong)(nong)業(ye)產業(ye)，開發(fa)出多款專項擔(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)保產品，降低準入條(tiao)件和融資(zi)成本(ben)，形成“造血式”產業(ye)扶(fu)貧(pin)新路子。國(guo)家農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)公司與(yu)中(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)銀(yin)(yin)行、中(zhong)國(guo)郵(you)政(zheng)儲蓄銀(yin)(yin)行等17家全(quan)國(guo)性銀(yin)(yin)行總行開展(zhan)(zhan)“總對(dui)總”戰略合作(zuo)(zuo)，各省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)公司與(yu)800余家銀(yin)(yin)行建立合作(zuo)(zuo)關系，授信總額超(chao)(chao)過8000億(yi)元。各省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)公司積極爭取地(di)方政(zheng)府擔(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)保費補助(zhu)、以獎代補等財政(zheng)支持(chi)(chi)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)。28個(ge)(ge)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)公司與(yu)975個(ge)(ge)市、縣(xian)(區)級(ji)(ji)地(di)方政(zheng)府簽署了合作(zuo)(zuo)協議，農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)業(ye)務對(dui)全(quan)國(guo)主(zhu)要(yao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)縣(xian)的(de)覆蓋(gai)率達到(dao)92%以上，對(dui)國(guo)家級(ji)(ji)、省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)(ji)貧(pin)困縣(xian)的(de)覆蓋(gai)率達到(dao)88%以上，全(quan)體系累計擔(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)保金額超(chao)(chao)過1億(yi)元的(de)縣(xian)有(you)558個(ge)(ge)，其中(zhong)累計擔(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)保金額超(chao)(chao)過3億(yi)元的(de)縣(xian)有(you)138個(ge)(ge)，全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)擔(dan)(dan)(dan)(dan)體系成為地(di)方政(zheng)府支持(chi)(chi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和產業(ye)扶(fu)貧(pin)的(de)重要(yao)抓手(shou)。2020年(nian)4月(yue)，財政部、農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)村部、銀保監(jian)會、人民銀行聯合(he)發布《關于進(jin)一步做(zuo)好全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)信(xin)貸擔(dan)保工作的(de)通知》，共同推出農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)信(xin)貸擔(dan)保業(ye)務的(de)“增強版”，全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔(dan)體系(xi)將(jiang)以(yi)此為契(qi)機，不(bu)忘初心、牢記使命，為決勝全(quan)面小康(kang)、決戰(zhan)(zhan)脫貧攻堅(jian)、推進(jin)實(shi)施鄉村振興戰(zhan)(zhan)略貢獻更(geng)多“農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔(dan)智慧”和“農(nong)(nong)(nong)擔(dan)力量”。
數據(ju)來源：國(guo)家農業信貸擔保聯盟有限(xian)責任公司
《 人民日報 》( 2020年05月23日 15 版)
